вторник, 3 август 2010 г.

понеделник, 2 август 2010 г.



The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) sits in a circular tunnel 27 km in circumference. The tunnel is buried around 50 to 175 m. underground. It straddles the Swiss and French borders on the outskirts of Geneva.

The first collisions at an energy of 3.5 TeV per beam took place on 30th March 2010.

The LHC is designed to collide two counter rotating beams of protons or heavy ions. Proton-proton collisions are foreseen at an energy of 7 TeV per beam.

*

The beams move around the LHC ring inside a continuous vacuum guided by magnets.
* The magnets are superconducting and are cooled by a huge cryogenics system. The cables conduct current without resistance in their superconducting state.

* The beams will be stored at high energy for hours. During this time collisions take place inside the four main LHC experiments.


Why the LHC
A few unanswered questions...

The LHC was built to help scientists to answer key unresolved questions in particle physics. The unprecedented energy it achieves may even reveal some unexpected results that no one has ever thought of!

For the past few decades, physicists have been able to describe with increasing detail the fundamental particles that make up the Universe and the interactions between them. This understanding is encapsulated in the Standard Model of particle physics, but it contains gaps and cannot tell us the whole story. To fill in the missing knowledge requires experimental data, and the next big step to achieving this is with LHC.
Newton's unfinished business...
What is mass?

What is the origin of mass? Why do tiny particles weigh the amount they do? Why do some particles have no mass at all? At present, there are no established answers to these questions. The most likely explanation may be found in the Higgs boson, a key undiscovered particle that is essential for the Standard Model to work. First hypothesised in 1964, it has yet to be observed.

The ATLAS and CMS experiments will be actively searching for signs of this elusive particle.
An invisible problem...
What is 96% of the universe made of?

Everything we see in the Universe, from an ant to a galaxy, is made up of ordinary particles. These are collectively referred to as matter, forming 4% of the Universe. Dark matter and dark energy are believed to make up the remaining proportion, but they are incredibly difficult to detect and study, other than through the gravitational forces they exert. Investigating the nature of dark matter and dark energy is one of the biggest challenges today in the fields of particle physics and cosmology.

The ATLAS and CMS experiments will look for supersymmetric particles to test a likely hypothesis for the make-up of dark matter.
Nature's favouritism...
Why is there no more antimatter?

We live in a world of matter – everything in the Universe, including ourselves, is made of matter. Antimatter is like a twin version of matter, but with opposite electric charge. At the birth of the Universe, equal amounts of matter and antimatter should have been produced in the Big Bang. But when matter and antimatter particles meet, they annihilate each other, transforming into energy. Somehow, a tiny fraction of matter must have survived to form the Universe we live in today, with hardly any antimatter left. Why does Nature appear to have this bias for matter over antimatter?

The LHCb experiment will be looking for differences between matter and antimatter to help answer this question. Previous experiments have already observed a tiny behavioural difference, but what has been seen so far is not nearly enough to account for the apparent matter–antimatter imbalance in the Universe.
Secrets of the Big Bang
What was matter like within the first second of the Universe’s life?

Matter, from which everything in the Universe is made, is believed to have originated from a dense and hot cocktail of fundamental particles. Today, the ordinary matter of the Universe is made of atoms, which contain a nucleus composed of protons and neutrons, which in turn are made of quarks bound together by other particles called gluons. The bond is very strong, but in the very early Universe conditions would have been too hot and energetic for the gluons to hold the quarks together. Instead, it seems likely that during the first microseconds after the Big Bang the Universe would have contained a very hot and dense mixture of quarks and gluons called quark–gluon plasma.

The ALICE experiment will use the LHC to recreate conditions similar to those just after the Big Bang, in particular to analyse the properties of the quark-gluon plasma.
Hidden worlds…
Do extra dimensions of space really exist?

Einstein showed that the three dimensions of space are related to time. Subsequent theories propose that further hidden dimensions of space may exist; for example, string theory implies that there are additional spatial dimensions yet to be observed. These may become detectable at very high energies, so data from all the detectors will be carefully analysed to look for signs of extra dimensions.

http://public.web.cern.ch/public/en/LHC/WhyLHC-en.html

Biggest experiment on the planet

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cv2xQ68HLD0&feature=related
Large Hadron Collider - The Search For The Higgs [1 of 3]
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_fJ6PMfnz2E&feature=related
Large Hadron Collider - The Search For The Higgs [2 of 3]
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MQNPpeVvZ9w&feature=related
Large Hadron Collider - The Search For The Higgs [3 of 3]
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_XbKZwXK-3c&feature=related

LHC - THE LARGE HADRON COLLIDER

http://lhcb-public.web.cern.ch/lhcb-public/
http://lhc.web.cern.ch/lhc/
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qQNphttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qQNpucos9wc&feature=relatedals9hDz0
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mBxRCL-J3Hg
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DRjQbq7lvFo&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fPxYdObyJ2A&feature=related

LHCb EXPERIMENT

LHCb is an experiment set up to explore what happened after the Big Bang that allowed matter to survive and build the Universe we inhabit today

Fourteen billion years ago, the Universe began with a bang. Crammed within an infinitely small space, energy coalesced to form equal quantities of matter and antimatter. But as the Universe cooled and expanded, its composition changed. Just one second after the Big Bang, antimatter had all but disappeared, leaving matter to form everything that we see around us — from the stars and galaxies, to the Earth and all life that it supports.
http://lhcb-public.web.cern.ch/lhcb-public/
ANNIMATION:
http://lhcb-reconstruction.web.cern.ch/lhcb-reconstruction/2009/FirstCollision/withRich.gif
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0uoqrh51ZPY
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VaVJC7dUkZE

CMS

For the past four months the LHC has been ramping-up the intensity of the beams, creating billions of 7 TeV proton-proton collisions. This has enabled CMS to study a variety of known physics from the Standard Model, including the "re-discovery" of some particles, as well as to start to perform searches for new physics. The culmination of these studies was to produce nearly 40 public physics analysis documents (see here) and to present many of these analyses at the International Conference on High Energy Physics in Paris (ICHEP) in July 2010. CMS has made a statement about these results, available in several languages below.
http://cms.cern.ch
http://cms.web.cern.ch/cms/News/2010/ICHEP2010/CMSstatementICHEP2010_EN.pdf
http://cms.web.cern.ch/cms/News/e-commentary/cms-e-commentary10.htm
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7FiLC2m4oR8&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qu63Qqgd9xY&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W44xJVgmims&feature=related

ALICE EXPERIMENT

ALICE is the acronym for A Large Ion Collider Experiment, one of the largest experiments in the world devoted to research in the physics of matter at an infinitely small scale. Hosted at CERN, the European Laboratory for Nuclear Research, this project involves an international collaboration of more than 1000 physicists, engineers and technicians, including around 200 graduate students, from 105 physics institutes in 30 countries across the world. The ALICE Experiment is going in search of answers to fundamental questions, using the extraordinary tools provided by the LHC:

What happens to matter when it is heated to 100,000 times the temperature at the centre of the Sun ?
Why do protons and neutrons weigh 100 times more than the quarks they are made of ?
Can the quarks inside the protons and neutrons be freed ?

http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/Public/Welcome.html
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um5ZvFDDDvA&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UlhV7LFjloQ&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RiQU5xyuq_A&feature=related

ATLAS EXPERIMENT

ATLAS is a particle physics experiment at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. The ATLAS detector is searching for new discoveries in the head-on collisions of protons of extraordinarily high energy. ATLAS will learn about the basic forces that have shaped our Universe since the beginning of time and that will determine its fate. Among the possible unknowns are the origin of mass, extra dimensions of space, unification of fundamental forces, and evidence for dark matter candidates in the Universe.
http://atlas.ch/
http://www.atlas.ch/blog/
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AHT9RTlCqjQ&feature=channel
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DUkzyDbMQ3E&feature=channel
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OxENLH1ATV4&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYRQpcJVQx8&feature=channel

Anti-matter and the Antiproton Decelerator

Rolf Landua (speaker) (CERN)

http://cdsweb.cern.ch/record/1126136

http://cdsweb.cern.ch/record/1107570
Storyboard Timeline PPT
Presentation X - RAYS
Radioactivity
MRI ppt

PET

Pet
Hadron Therapy 2
Into the Future v1

MEDICAL APPLICATION

cern

The firrst web server.

On Mon, Aug 2, 2010 at 2:23 PM, Tzetza Hristova <tzetza@gmail.com> wrote:
cern

cern

cern

High School Teachers 2010

High School Teachers 2010
from Sunday 04 July 2010 at 09:00 to Saturday 24 July 2010 at 09:00 (Europe/Zurich)
at CERN ( 593 R-010 )
Description

2010 CERN High School Teachers Programme

Material
Other occasions
Support mick.storr@cern.ch
Go to day

*
Sunday 04 July 2010
o 16:30 - 17:30Welcome Reception 1h00'( Square Van Hove )

Informal get together, with refreshments and light snacks

Speaker: Mick Storr (CERN)
o 17:30 - 18:30Short site tour 1h00'

Designed to help participants orient theselves on site and locate lecture rooms.

Speakers: Mick Storr (CERN) , Sascha Marc Schmeling (CERN)
o 18:30 - 19:30Practical Information 1h00'
Speaker: Mick Storr (CERN)
*
Monday 05 July 2010
o 08:30 - 09:00Registration 30'
Speakers: Christel Ranta (CERN) , Maureen Prola-Tessaur (CERN)
o 09:00 - 09:45Audio-visual Introduction to CERN 45'
Speaker: Mick Storr (CERN)
Material: Videolinkdown arrow
o 10:00 - 12:30Team Building 2h30'
Speaker: Mick Storr (CERN)
o 14:00 - 15:00Collect ID Cards 1h00'( 55 )
o 15:00 - 17:00Visit Globe Universe of Particles Exhibition 2h00'( 33 R-009 )
*
Tuesday 06 July 2010
o 09:00 - 09:45CERN Education 45'
Speaker: Mick Storr (CERN)
Material: Slidespowerpoint filepdf file
o 10:00 - 11:30Introduction to Particle Physics (1/3) 1h30'
Speaker: Rolf Landua (CERN)
Material: Slidespowerpoint filepdf file
o 11:30 - 12:30Preparation and presentation of national school systems 1h00'
o 14:00 - 15:30Introduction to Detectors (1/2) 1h30'
Speaker: Frank Hartmann (KIT - IEKP)
Material: Slidesunknown type file
o 15:30 - 16:30Visit Microcosm 1h00'
o 16:30 - 17:30SPECIAL COLLOQUIUM : Building a Commercial Space Launch System and the Role of Space Tourism in the Future 1h00'
Material: More Informationlink
o 18:00 - 23:00Pool and Pizza 5h00'( Meet Entrance B )

Swim at the pool across the road from CERN entrance B
and/or walk to Pizza restaurant in Meyrin. (Swim and
walk dependent on weather).

Speaker: Mick Storr (CERN)
*
Wednesday 07 July 2010
o 09:00 - 10:00Presentation of national school systems 1h00'
Speaker: Terrence Baine (University of Oslo, former CERN Teacher in residence))
Material: Documentword filepdf file
o 10:00 - 11:30Introduction to Particle Physics (2/3) 1h30'
Speaker: Rolf Landua (CERN)
Material: Slidespowerpoint filepdf file
o 14:00 - 15:30Introduction to detectors (2/2) 1h30'
Speaker: Frank Hartmann (KIT - IEKP)
Material: Slidespowerpoint filepdf file
o 15:30 - 17:00Visit CMS Control Centre and Computer Centre 1h30'
Speakers: Sascha Marc Schmeling (CERN) , Andreas Hirstius (CERN)
o 17:00 - 20:00Welcome Drink 3h00'( Restaurant 1 )
*
Thursday 08 July 2010
o 09:00 - 10:00Presentation of national school systems (cont) 1h00'
o 10:00 - 11:30Introduction to Particle Physics (3/3) 1h30'
Speaker: Rolf Landua (CERN)
Material: Picturesunknown type filedown arrowSlidespowerpoint filepdf fileVideounknown type file
o 11:30 - 12:30Presentation of national school systems (cont) 1h00'
o 13:30 - 16:00Build a Cloud Chamber 2h30'
Speaker: Mick Storr (CERN)
Material: Documentlink
o 13:30 - 16:00Lecture Review and Discussion 2h30'
o 16:30 - 17:30Q/A 1h00'
*
Friday 09 July 2010
o 09:00 - 10:00Presentation of national school systems (cont) 1h00'
o 10:00 - 11:30Antimatter Teaching Modules 1h30'
Speaker: Terrence Baine (University of Oslo, former CERN Teacher in residence)
Material: LinklinkSlidespowerpoint filedown arrowpdf file
o 13:30 - 17:30Visit CCC and SM-18 4h00'( 33-R-016 )
o 13:30 - 17:30Introducing the Teachers Lab 4h00'( 3-R-002 )
Speaker: Sascha Marc Schmeling (CERN)
*
Sunday 11 July 2010
o 13:00 - 23:00Discover Geneva Treasure Hunt 1h00'

Have fun discovering Geneva and finish the day with a
well deserved fondue at the Cafe du Soleil, place du Petit-Saconnex 6
1209 Genève - tel. 022 733 3417.

Speaker: Mick Storr (CERN)
*
Monday 12 July 2010
o 09:00 - 09:45Introduction to Accelerators (1/2) 45'
Speaker: Daniel Brandt (CERN)
Material: Slidespdf file
o 10:30 - 11:30Introduction to Cosmology (1/2) 1h00'
Speaker: Geraldine Servant
Material: Slidespdf file
o 11:30 - 12:30Presentation of national school systems (cont) 1h00'
o 14:00 - 15:00Presentation of working Groups 1h00'
Speakers: Sascha Marc Schmeling (CERN) , Konrad Jende (Technische Universitaet Dresden) , John Turner, Rolf Landua (CERN) , Mick Storr (CERN) , Terrence Baine (University of Oslo, former CERN Teacher in residence)
Material: IB working group proposalpowerpoint filepdf fileTeacherslabwgpowerpoint filepdf fileTeachingmodulewgpowerpoint filepdf fileWg Masterclassespowerpoint filepdf file
o 15:00 - 16:00Reflection 1h00'
o 16:00 - 16:30Selection of Working Groups 30'
*
Tuesday 13 July 2010
o 09:00 - 09:45Introduction to Accelerators (2/2) 45'
Material: Slidespdf file
o 10:00 - 10:30Q/A Accelerators 30'
Speaker: Daniel Brandt (CERN)
o 10:30 - 11:30Introduction to Cosmology (2/2) 1h00'
Speaker: Geraldine Servant
Material: Slidespdf file
o 11:30 - 12:30Presentation of national school systems (cont) 1h00'
o 15:00 - 17:00Visit PS/LINAC/LEIR 2h00'( 6-2-004 )
Material: More Informationlink
*
Wednesday 14 July 2010
o 09:00 - 10:30Medical Applications of Particle Physics 1h30'
Speaker: Manjit Dosanjh (CERN)
Material: Slidespdf file
o 10:30 - 17:00Working groups 6h30'
*
Thursday 15 July 2010
o 09:00 - 10:30Presentation of national school systems (cont) 1h30'
o 11:15 - 12:00Antimatter in the Lab (1/3) 45'( 80-1-001 - Globe 1st Floor )
Speaker: Rolf Landua (CERN)
Material: Slideslink
*
Friday 16 July 2010
o 09:00 - 10:00Phywe Presentation 1h00'( 4-3-006 - TH Theory Conference Room )
o 10:15 - 11:00Antimatter in the Lab (2/3) 45'( 80-1-001 - Globe 1st Floor )
Speaker: Rolf Landua (CERN)
Material: Slideslink
o 11:15 - 12:00Antimatter in the Lab (3/3) 45'( 80-1-001 - Globe 1st Floor )
Speaker: Rolf Landua (CERN)
Material: Slideslink
o 14:00 - 16:00Short Historical Tour of CERN 2h00'( 513-R-070 )
Speaker: Mick Storr (CERN)
o 17:30 - 01:30Hardronic Festival 8h00'( Restaurant 3 )
*
Saturday 17 July 2010
o 16:30 - 01:30Hardronic Festival 9h00'( Restaurant 3 )
*
Monday 19 July 2010
o 09:00 - 12:00Accelerate ! 3h00'
Speaker: Suzanne Sheehy (University of Oxford)
Material: More InformationlinkSlidespdf fileVideounknown type file
o 19:00 - 00:00International Evening 5h00'( Library Garden )
Speaker: Everyone
*
Tuesday 20 July 2010
o 09:00 - 11:30Perimeter Institute - Quantum workshop 2h30'
Material: More Informationlink
o 13:00 - 15:30Perimeter Institute - Dark Matter Workshop 2h30'
Material: More Informationlink
*
Wednesday 21 July 2010
o 08:30 - 12:30Visit LHCb/DELPHI/CAST 4h00'( )
o 18:15 - 23:00Jura pic-nic 4h45'( Col de la Faucille - Meet at car park between B39 and B41 )
Speaker: Mick Storr (CERN)
*
Thursday 22 July 2010
o 08:30 - 17:00Working groups 8h30'
o 17:00 - 18:00Special Guest 1h00'
Speaker: Jonathan R. Ellis (CERN)
*
Friday 23 July 2010
o 09:00 - 12:00Reports from the Working Groups 3h00'
o 14:00 - 15:00Reports from Working groups (cont) 1h00'
o 15:00 - 15:30Closing Address by the Director General of CERN 30'
Speaker: Rolf Heuer (CERN)
o 19:00 - 00:00Farewell BBQ 5h00'( 6529-R-001 - ZONE BAR B Q )

Meet at the Hostel Reception at 18.45

http://indico.cern.ch/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=96344

CERN Programme for Physics High School Teachers

CERN Programme for Physics High School Teachers

This 3-week residential programme, which has been taking place every year since 1998 at CERN during the month of July, is open to Physics High School Teachers from all CERN member and observer States, as well as from other countries subject to funding availability, who would like to update their knowledge of particle physics, its associated technologies and related subjects.

Goals of the High School teachers' programme:

* To promote the teaching of physics and, in particular of particle physics, in high schools
* To promote the exchange of knowledge and experience among teachers of different nationalities
* To expose teachers to the world of research
* To stimulate activities related to the popularization of physics within and beyond the classroom
* To help CERN establish closer links with European schools
* To encourage the cooperation between CERN and existing programs sponsored by the European Union in the area of scientific education

The work produced during the 3-week programme is documented and collected by the participants at -

http://teachers.cern.ch/.

Please consult this site for more details about the programme, and for a good collection of materials to be used in the class-room.

Who can attend?

All high school teachers from the CERN member states can apply to participate in the programme. Some funds may be available to support teachers from non-member states as well. Please note that all applicants should :

* have a good working knowledge of the English language (this is VERY IMPORTANT as the programme will be delivered entirely in English)
* have some basic computing skills (use of mail and of the Web)
* be committed to attend in full the 3 weeks of the programme (no late arrivals, no early departures)

Preference in the selection will go to teachers who have a proven experience of extra-curricular activities, such as:

* participation in EU-sponsored programmes (Comenius, etc)
* organization of educational activities (Physics Olimpiades, Summer courses for students)
* contribution to the planning of national curricula
* writing of text-books
* involvement in the activites of National Teachers's Associations, or other national and international educational bodies
* etc.

No a-priori knowledge of or experience with high-energy physics is required, but a good working knowledge of English is essential in order to get maximum benefit from the programme.

The 2010 Programme:

The programme will take place at CERN during the period

July 4th (arrival date) - July 24th (departure date)

The programme content will be similar to previous year's and will be published closer to the start date. Click here to see the details of the 2009 programme.

Housing:

All participants will be housed in the CERN on-site hostel facilities.

Financial support:

Financial support will be provided to all participants from CERN member states.
The support will cover up to 2,000 CHF for living expenses, and up to 500 CHF for travel costs.

HST2010 Application Instructions:

To apply for HST2010, all applicants other than those from the USA, must register with the CERN e-Recruitment system and follow a 2 part process in which you are asked to supply Personal Details, answer some HST2010 specific questions and include your Curriculum Vitae (CV).

Please carefully read the instructions that are provided at each stage of the process.

Applicants from the USA are asked to contact the US HST coordinator.

We look forward to receiving your application - follow this link to learn more about the HST2010 application procedure and to enter your application - HST2010 Application Procedure. Please note that the application process will close on 28th February.

Please note that we are very interested to receive your comments and feedback and if you have difficulties please do not hesitate to ask for help.

For further information and help, please contact:

Mick Storr,
HST Programme Coordinator
tel: +41-22-767 8264
fax: +41- 22-766 9769

More information at:
http://teachers.web.cern.ch/teachers/